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61.
Direct conversion receiver (DCR) architecture, which has introduced the zero intermediate frequency (IF) approach, supports efficient wireless handset designs with a high level of integration. Transmission over wireless channels is subject to time dispersion due to multipath propagation and frequency dispersion due to Doppler effect, the design of wireless receivers are tremendously important in supporting reliable communication links. With wireless technology growing, the choice of optimal wireless receiver architecture that supports monolithic integration without performance degradation becomes an important dimension in modern handset design. The increasing demand for mobile terminals with smaller physical dimensions has led to the investigation of DCR, which supports single chip and multinode designs. Since DCR is a promising architecture for fourth generation mobile terminals, it is important to note that implementation of a certain dc offset technique does not compromise the benefits of low complexity receiver design. 相似文献
62.
Salina Mat Radzi Mahiran Basri Abu Bakar Salleh Arbakariya Ariff Rosfarizan Mohammad Mohammad Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abdul Rahman 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2006,81(3):374-380
An optimisation study of the large‐scale enzymatic synthesis of a liquid wax ester from oleic acid and oleyl alcohol using Novozym 435 was carried out. Investigations were performed in batch mode with a stirred tank reactor (STR) with one multi‐bladed impeller. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a five‐level, three‐variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used to evaluate the interactive effects of various parameters. The parameters are amount of enzyme (A) (90–120 g), impeller speed (B) (100–400 rpm) and temperature (C) (40–60 °C). The optimum conditions derived via RSM at a fixed reaction time of 1 h were successfully optimised as A = 104 g, B = 388.0 rpm and C = 49.7 °C. The actual experimental yield was 96.7% under the optimum conditions, which compared well with the maximum predicted value of 97.6%. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
63.
E.A. Noor 《Corrosion Science》2005,47(1):33-55
The effect of some quaternary N-heterocyclic compounds on the corrosion of mild steel in solutions of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) has been investigated in relation to the concentration of the inhibitor and acid as well as temperature by various monitoring corrosion techniques. Surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results obtained revealed that these compounds are good mixed-type inhibitors without changing the mechanism of the corrosion process. In general, at constant acid concentration, inhibitor efficiency increased with concentration of the inhibitor. On the other hand, at constant inhibitor concentration, inhibitor efficiency decreased with concentration of the acid up to a critical concentration above which it started to increase. The studied compounds appeared to function through general adsorption following the thermodynamic-kinetic adsorption isotherm. The thermodynamic parameters were determined and discussed. A quantitative correlation between inhibitor structure and inhibition efficiency was discussed. 相似文献
64.
Noor Zamin Khan Sayed Ali Khan Muhammad Sohail M. A. Majeed Khan Jahangeer Ahmed Li Zhan Feihong Wang Muhammad Tahir Abbas Xin Xu 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2021,104(9):4911-4922
The trivalent rare-earth (RE3+) doped phosphors show tremendous achievement in narrow band multicolor line emission for various applications. However, the 4f–4f absorption transition of these ions is forbidden in UV and blue light excitation. Usually, a sensitizer having spin allowed transition was used as a co-dopant to excite these ions via the energy transfer phenomenon. Another approach promisingly using to excite these ions by efficient energy transfer from the intrinsic emission of the Ca2LuTaO6 double perovskite phosphors host lattice. Phosphors of Ca2LuTaO6 with double perovskite structure were synthesized by using a high-temperature solid-state reaction method. The produced Ca2LuTaO6 double perovskite phosphors show an intrinsic broad band emission centered at 424 nm under the excitation of 313 nm UV light. The origin of this broad band blue emission was deeply investigated by using computation and experimental approaches. The trivalent activator Dy3+ and Eu3+ were doped is a single and co-dopant in the produced Ca2LuTaO6 phosphors to check their excitation in UV and near-UV spectral region. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the structure and phase analysis. Various characterizations such as photoluminescence excitation, emission, and CIE chromaticity coordinates were measured which illustrate the potential of Dy3+ and Eu3+ activated Ca2LuTaO6 double perovskite phosphors for narrow band multicolor line emission for various applications. 相似文献
65.
Oligomeric Composition of Polyols From Fatty Acid Methyl Ester: The Effect of Ring‐Opening Reactants of Epoxide Groups 下载免费PDF全文
Tuan Noor Maznee Tuan Ismail Nor Azowa Ibrahim Mohd Azmil Mohd Noor Seng Soi Hoong Kosheela Devi Poo Palam Shoot Kian Yeong Zainab Idris Christi M. Schiffman Ibrahim Sendijarevic Emilia Abd Malek Norhazlin Zainuddin Vahid Sendijarevic 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2018,95(4):509-523
Commercial availability of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) from palm oil targeted for biodiesel offers a good feedstock for the production of structurally well‐defined polyols for polyurethane applications. The effect of molecular weight (MW), odd and even carbon numbers, and the linear and branched structure reactants used in the ring‐opening reaction of epoxidized fatty acid methyl ester (E‐FAME) on the properties of polyols was investigated. Conversions of E‐FAME to PolyFAME polyols were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared analysis, oxirane oxygen content, and hydroxyl number. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) calibrated against polyether polyols as a standard and vapor pressure osmometry were used for MW determination. GPC chromatograms of PolyFAME polyols clearly demonstrated the formation of oligomers during ring‐opening reactions. MW, and odd and even carbon numbers in a structure of linear diols and branched diol used in the syntheses of PolyFAME polyols did not have an effect on crystallinity, glass transition, or melt temperatures measured using Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). PolyFAME polyols ring‐opened with water, methanol, and 1,2‐propanediol contained secondary hydroxyl groups, whereas PolyFAME polyols ring‐opened with linear diols contained a mixture of primary and secondary hydroxyl groups. It was found that the concentration of primary hydroxyl groups increased significantly by increasing the number of carbons from C2 to C3 in the linear diols. The viscosity of PolyFAME polyols also increased with the MW of linear diols used in the E‐FAME ring‐opening reaction. These findings would be beneficial for formulators in choosing the most cost effective polyols for polyurethane formulations. 相似文献
66.
Noor Shahina Begum H. M. Farveez Ahmed K. R. Gunashekar 《Bulletin of Materials Science》2008,31(5):747-751
The TiO2 thin films doped by Ni uniformly and non-uniformly were prepared on glass substrate from an aqueous solution of ammonium
hexa-fluoro titanate and NiF2 by liquid phase deposition technique. The addition of boric acid as an F
− scavenger will shift the equilibrium to one side and thereby deposition of the film is progressed. The rate of the reaction
and the nature of deposition depend on growing time and temperature. The resultant films were characterized by XRD, EDAX,
UV and SEM. The result shows that the deposited films have amorphous background, which becomes crystalline at 500°C. The EDAX
data confirms the existence of Ni atoms in TiO2 matrix. XRD analysis reveals the peaks corresponding to Ni but no peak of crystalline NiO was found. The transmittance spectra
of Ni uniformly and non-uniformly doped TiO2 thin films show ‘blue shift and red shift’, respectively. Ni-doped TiO2 thin films can be used as photocatalyst for the photodegradation of methyl orange dye. It was found that, organic dye undergoes
degradation efficiently in presence of non-uniformly Ni-doped TiO2 thin films when compared to uniformly doped films and pure TiO2 films under visible light. The photocatalytic activity increases with increase in the concentration of Ni in case of nonuniformly
doped thin films but decreases with the concentration when uniformly doped thin films were used. 相似文献
67.
Urethane‐forming reaction kinetics and catalysis of model palm olein polyols: Quantified impact of primary and secondary hydroxyls 下载免费PDF全文
Tuan Noor Maznee Tuan Ismail Kosheela Devi Poo Palam Zailan Bin Abu Bakar Hoong Seng Soi Yeong Shoot Kian Hazimah Abu Hassan Christi Schiffman Aisa Sendijarevic Vahid Sendijarevic Ibrahim Sendijarevic 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2016,133(5)
Model palm olein natural oil polyols (NOPs) with varying ratios of primary to secondary hydroxyls were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated in reaction kinetics study with isocyanate in formation of polyurethanes. Reaction rate constants and activation energies associated with primary and secondary hydroxyls of NOPs were quantified. The kinetic study in toluene shows that the NOP containing primary hydroxyls have three times higher reaction rate constants in noncatalyzed reaction with 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (4,4′‐MDI) compared to the model NOP containing only secondary hydroxyls, which is associated with higher activation energy of secondary hydroxyls. However, the difference in reaction rate constants of primary and secondary hydroxyls in NOPs diminished in the reactions catalyzed with dibutyltin dilaurate. Bulk polymerization reaction confirms the kinetics results in toluene, showing that the model NOP containing primary hydroxyls reached gel time at a faster rate. Evaluation of elastomers from bulk polymerization shows low degree of phase separation of hard and soft segments for elastomers based on the model NOPs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 42955. 相似文献
68.
Natural Palm Olein Polyol as a Replacement for Polyether Polyols in Viscoelastic Polyurethane Foam 下载免费PDF全文
H. Nurul ‘Ain T. I. Tuan Noor Maznee M. N. Norhayati M. A. Mohd Noor S. Adnan P. P. Kosheela Devi S. Mohd Norhisham S. K. Yeong A. H. Hazimah Irma Campara Vahid Sendijarevic Ibrahim Sendijarevic 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2016,93(7):983-993
The impact of replacing three polyether polyols with different levels of a single palm olein‐based natural oil polyol (NOP) was systematically correlated with the changes in foaming reactivity, cell structure, physico‐mechanical properties, and morphology of viscoelastic (VE) foams. The data show that replacing the polyether polyols with the NOP slightly increased the rate of the foaming reactivity. Increasing the NOP content resulted in increased cell size and cells remained fully open. Increased NOP content contributed to higher load bearing properties of VE foam, which can be attributed to higher functionality of NOP compared to polyether polyols. Addition of the NOP slightly increased the resilience of the foams, however, the hysteresis which is the measure of energy absorption remained mostly unaffected. Age properties, characterized by dry and humid compression sets, were mostly unaffected by the replacement of the polyether polyol with the NOP. The addition of NOP did not impact the morphology of the VE foam polymer matrix, which appears to retain a low degree of hard and soft segment domain separation. Overall, the results demonstrate a feasibility that the NOP can be used to partially replace the polyether polyols in VE polyurethane foams without significant impact on the functional performance. 相似文献
69.
The dilute solution properties of nine poly(vinylpyrrolidone) fractions in methanol covering the molecular weight range 6.76 × 104 to 1.02 × 107 were studied. Constants a and Km of the Mark-Houwink-Sakurada (M.H.S.) equation were found to be 0.60 and 2.64 × 10?4 respectively using light scattering and intrinsic viscosity data and were compared with the literature values. The second virial coefficient, A2 decreases gradually as the molecular weight increases while the root-mean-square radius of gyration, 2 increases. The dependence of A2 on molecular weight is in agreement with other flexible polymers dissolved in moderate to good solvents. The unperturbed chain dimension, (r/M) was calculated using the Stockmayer-Fixman (S—F) equation and a value of 4.9 × 10?17 cm was obtained. The S—F plot slightly bends in the region of high molecular weight which is according to expectation. 相似文献
70.
Ahmed K. Noor Jeanne M. Peters 《Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering》1981,28(2):217-240
A reduced basis technique and a problem-adaptive computational algorithm are presented for predicting the post-limit-point paths of structures. In the proposed approach the structure is discretized by using displacement finite element models. The nodal displacement vector is expressed as a linear combination of a small number of vectors and a Rayleigh-Ritz technique is used to approximate the finite element equations by a small system of nonlinear algebraic equations.To circumvent the difficulties associated with the singularity of the stiffness matrix at limit points, a constraint equation, defining a generalized arc-length in the solution space, is added to the system of nonlinear algebraic equations and the Rayleigh-Ritz approximation functions (or basis vectors) are chosen to consist of a nonlinear solution of the discretized structure and its various order derivatives with respect to the generalized arc-length. The potential of the proposed approach and its advantages over the reduced basis-load control technique are outlined. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by means of numerical examples of structural problems with snap-through and snap-back phenomena. 相似文献